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The shutil module offers a number of high-level operations on files
and collections of files. In particular, functions are provided which support file copying and
removal.
Caveat: On MacOS, the resource fork and other metadata are not used. For file
copies, this means that resources will be lost and file type and creator codes will not be
correct.
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- Copy the contents of the file named src to a file named dst. If dst
exists, it will be replaced, otherwise it will be created. Special files such as character
or block devices and pipes cannot not be copied with this function. src and dst
are path names given as strings.
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| copyfileobj( |
fsrc, fdst[, length]) |
- Copy the contents of the file-like object fsrc to the file-like object fdst.
The integer length, if given, is the buffer size. In particular, a negative length
value means to copy the data without looping over the source data in chunks; by default
the data is read in chunks to avoid uncontrolled memory consumption.
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- Copy the permission bits from src to dst. The file contents,
owner, and group are unaffected. src and dst are path names given as
strings.
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- Copy the permission bits, last access time, and last modification time from src
to dst. The file contents, owner, and group are unaffected. src and dst
are path names given as strings.
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- Copy the file src to the file or directory dst. If dst
is a directory, a file with the same basename as src is created (or
overwritten) in the directory specified. Permission bits are copied. src and dst
are path names given as strings.
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- Similar to copy(), but last access time and last modification
time are copied as well. This is similar to the Unix
command cp -p.
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| copytree( |
src, dst[, symlinks]) |
- Recursively copy an entire directory tree rooted at src. The destination
directory, named by dst, must not already exist; it will be created. Individual
files are copied using copy2(). If symlinks is true,
symbolic links in the source tree are represented as symbolic links in the new tree; if
false or omitted, the contents of the linked files are copied to the new tree. If
exception(s) occur, an Error is raised with a list of reasons.
The source code for this should be considered an example rather than a tool. Changed in version 2.3: Error is raised if any exceptions occur during
copying, rather than printing a message.
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| rmtree( |
path[, ignore_errors[, onerror]]) |
- Delete an entire directory tree.
If ignore_errors is true, errors resulting from failed removals will be
ignored; if false or omitted, such errors are handled by calling a handler specified by onerror
or, if that is omitted, they raise an exception.
If onerror is provided, it must be a callable that accepts three parameters:
function, path, and excinfo. The first parameter, function,
is the function which raised the exception; it will be os.remove()
or os.rmdir(). The second parameter, path, will be
the path name passed to function. The third parameter, excinfo, will
be the exception information return by sys.exc_info().
Exceptions raised by onerror will not be caught.
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- Recursively move a file or directory to another location.
If the destination is on our current filesystem, then simply use rename. Otherwise,
copy src to the dst and then remove src.
New in version 2.3.
- exception Error
- This exception collects exceptions that raised during a mult-file operation. For copytree, the exception argument is a list of 3-tuples (srcname,
dstname, exception).
New in version 2.3.
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